Querying Capability Enhancement in Database Using Fuzzy Logic

We already know that Structured Query Language (SQL) is a very powerful tool. It handles data, which is crisp and precise in nature.but it is unable to satisfy the needs for data which is uncertain, imprecise, inapplicable and vague in nature. The goal of this work is to use Fuzzy techniques i.e linguistic expressions and degrees of truth whose result are presented in this paper. For this purpose we have developed the fuzzy generalized logical condition for the WHERE part of SQL. In this way, fuzzy queries are accessing relational databases in the same way as with SQL. These queries with linguistic hedges are converted into Crisp Query, by deploying an application layer over the Structured Query Languag

High Speed Railway (HSR): India And The World

India has one of the largest rail networks in the world but has no line which can be classified as HSR allowing operational speed of 125mph. The current fastest train runs at 100 mph over a distance of only around 100 miles. However, supported by a robust political willingness, a new HSR corporation has been set up to kick-start the HSR projects from ideation to reality. Four major corridors have been identified and pre-feasibility studies have been commissioned. The first in this ambitious program is the HSR between Mumbai and Ahmedabad, two major population and commercial centers in the west of India. The success or failure of this project could show the way for future road map of HSR in India. This paper identifies and analyses the countries where HSR systems are in operation – their political, economic and social conditions relevant to HSR systems and then the features of HSR systems themselves to understand the commonalities between the nations that have opted for HSR. The objective is to identify if there is a common character or a baseline characteristic in terms of geographical, economic, political and social conditions which are essential to be a member of this exclusive club? Is there a standard financial and business model that has been adopted by these countries?Theattempt is also to compare these baseline benchmarks with those in India, to assess its strengths and weaknesses and reaffirm the chances of its success in taking up this project, one of the biggestever in its history. The results would be relevant not only for India but for all countries who aspire to be HSR countries in near future

Review Based Study On Risk Management Model For High Speed Indian Railway System

In this paper, a framework for risk management at railways has been studied and integrated into global safety management system of railways. Furthermore we studied how it was applied to a manually controlled full barrier road rail level crossing in Morocco. We studied different aspects that should be considered during the system definition phase where we suggested using functional diagrams for modeling operations at LC from the perspective of LC actors. It is a critical part for risk management and specifically for hazard identification where we provided different techniques that can be used; our experience shows that involvement of all stakeholders is a prerequisite to the success to this phase. Initiating events can be unveiled through brainstorming sessions and FTA can model complex interactions of events that have the potential to lead to accidents. Risk analysis can then be carried out provided that historical LC accident and incident data is available to estimate frequencies and consequences; ETA is the ideal tool for estimating consequences of hazards due to multiple causes. The existing risks are then classified and decisions are made regarding their tolerability, the ALARP principle can serve this purpose. A cost benefit analysis then helps prioritize risk treatment actions that should target intolerable risks. Control mechanisms should be also put in place to assess, monitor and review the risk control actions put in place. Finally, it is emphasized on the importance of having a database of historical accidents and incidents at LC for the success and efficiency for the suggested framework. Accidents at level crossings are the result of complex interactions between factors arising from the design and operations of level crossings. An important first step towards eliminating the causes of these accidents is thru understanding and assessing the risks associated with a given level crossing and acting on them. This paper presents review based study on risk management framework that serves this purpose

Impact of PubMed search filters on the retrieval of evidence by physicians

R etrieving health literature is a cornerstone of evidence-based practice. With the rapid increase in available evidence, physicians can no longer rely on one or two key journals to stay current. Increasingly, physicians search bibliographic databases, such as PubMed, for research evidence, which is dispersed across hundreds of journals. Each year, physicians perform over 200 million searches in PubMed. 1,2 Physicians face challenges while searching PubMed and often miss relevant articles while retrieving too many nonrelevant articles. 3-6 Clinical decision-making based on evidence from a search may be impaired if relevant articles are missed. Retrieving many nonrelevant articles impedes the efficiency of searching. Improved search strategies are therefore necessary to retrieve a manageable amount of information. The use of PubMed search filters may help solve this problem. Filters are objectively derived, pretested strategies optimized to help users efficiently retrieve articles for a specific purpose

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection